The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2021
Elwin van 't Wout、Christopher Feuillade
The acoustic resonances of radiatively damped air bubbles in water near reflecting boundaries are investigated by representing the bubble and its image by two bubbles in a full space, ensonified by two incident fields. Results obtained using an analytic monopole theory are compared with those of a coupled spherical harmonic technique and a boundary element method. Near a rigid boundary, the resonance frequency is reduced, and the response characteristics are determined by the predominant monopolar character of the individual bubble motion, with small changes in peak amplitude and Q. Near a sound-soft boundary, a higher frequency proximity resonance is observed. The monopole field is cancelled out, and the response is determined by higher-order scattering modes, giving very high values of Q. While the individual bubble scattering level increases significantly, the overall scattering is less than for two uncoupled bubbles. For bubble separations of 8-28 radii, all three approaches predict essentially identical results for both boundary types. For bubble separations less than one radius, the monopole theory, which does not include higher-order scattering modes, diverges from the boundary element and coupled spherical harmonic methods, whose high-accuracy determinations of resonance frequencies and amplitudes agree to within 0.1%.
Visitor studies. Visitor Studies Conference · 2024
Minna O Nygren、Rhiannon Thomas Jha、Sara Price
This paper draws on notions of embodied learning to inform exhibit design that fosters children's meaningful embodied engagement to successfully unveil science ideas. While children's interaction in the museum is often hands-on and speaks to the physical emphasis that embodiment brings, observation of children's spontaneous engagement at a museum's Water Zone revealed opportunities and barriers to engagement with, and access to, science ideas in terms of what we call 'embodied proximity' and 'embodied dislocation'. Drawing on design considerations from these findings a set of purpose-built prototype exhibits were developed and deployed to examine how they supported children's embodied exploration of science. The findings highlight key design dimensions that support children's accessing and making meaning about science through fostering embodied proximity: considering palette of embodied features; applying direct multisensorial experience; developing temporal-positional contiguity; and designing opportunities for communicating experiences through the body.
Environmental Research · 2025
Xue-Wei Huang、Siyu Yin、Meng Yao 等
Natural and built environments are closely linked to cardiovascular health, yet the environmental determinants of heart failure (HF) risk remain poorly understood. In a prospective cohort of 377,694 UK Biobank participants without HF at baseline, we analyzed the associations between 241 environmental exposures and the risk of incident HF using an exposome-wide approach. Our analysis included exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) analyses via Cox regression, identification of key exposures using regularized Cox regression and LightGBM models, and pattern recognition with self-organizing maps and k-means clustering to assess cumulative effects. After adjusting for confounders and multiple testing, 54 exposures were significantly associated with HF risk in the ExWAS. Combining results from the regularization model and LightGBM, we identified protective factors like greater natural space and lower air pollution, and risk factors such as proximity to industrial facilities and high traffic density. Seven environmental patterns were identified, with the lowest HF risk linked to high natural environments and robust infrastructure. BMI was found to mediate these environmental links to HF. Our findings demonstrate that natural and built environments are strongly associated with HF risk, and targeted strategies to reduce environmental pollution and optimize community design may offer promising ways for mitigating HF burden.
City and Environment Interactions · 2026
Shuhui Chen、Xin-Meng Yao、Feifan Wang 等
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Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2024
Jefin Parukoor Thomas、R B Amal Raj、G Virat 等
This study introduces a novel strategy for developing reversible thermochromic fluorescent films by precisely controlling the nanoscale proximity of boron nitride quantum dots and curcumin molecules within a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) matrix. The synergistic interaction and Förster resonance energy transfer between these fluorophores result in an energy transfer efficiency of ∼94%. This approach enables tunable color changes in response to temperature variations, governed by the segmental mobility of polymer chains. Practical applications of these films as temperature sensors for water bottles and electronic devices are demonstrated, highlighting their potential in temperature monitoring, smart packaging, and thermal management systems.
Environmental research · 2019
Diane A Garcia-Gonzales、Bhavna Shamasunder、Michael Jerrett
In this work, we investigate air pollutant distance decay gradients around an upstream oil and natural gas (ONG) facility located within a densely populated urban community in South Los Angeles. Despite the difficulties associated with interpreting air quality measurements in complex, multi-source urban environments, this pilot investigation was able to identify distance decay around the target ONG site and distinguish added air quality burden of several volatile organic compounds associated with ONG operations. Moving forward, we recommend additional research to better distinguish air quality contributions from ONG in urban environments.
Environment International · 2025
Fiona M Caryl、J. Olsen、T. Astell-Burt 等
BACKGROUND
Greenspace benefits for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may depend more on quality than proximity, but feature-specific evidence is limited.
METHODS
We linked objectively mapped park features to 377,817 urban UK Biobank participants and followed incident CVD (46,474 events) over a median 14.1 years. Network-based walk-distance catchments (400/800/1,600 m) were delineated for each home. We created an "any park" present indicator and feature-specific park indicators (e.g. tree canopy, water, cafes, toilets, attractions, sports) at each distance. Cox proportional hazards mixed-effects models adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, area deprivation, ambient natural landcover, and geographical clustering. Effect modification by sex, area-level deprivation, and age group (<65/≥65) was examined.
RESULTS
"Any park" was not associated with CVD, whereas feature-specific models indicated modest protection (≈3-6 % lower hazards). Tree canopy showed the strongest, distance-stable pattern with clearest support for ≥50 % at 800 m (HR 0.941, 95 % CI 0.912-0.992). Water features were protective at 400 m (HR 0.946, 95 % CI 0.907-0.986). Cafes were protective at 800 m (HR 0.971, 95 % CI 0.945-0.999), and 2+ public attractions at 1,600 m (HR 0.977, 95 % CI 0.957-0.997). Sports facilities at 800 m were associated with higher risk (HR 1.028, 95 % CI 1.004-1.057). Effect modification was limited: cafes at 800 m were more protective in high-deprivation areas; ≥50 % canopy at 1,600 m were more protective in women.
CONCLUSIONS
What's inside parks matters more than proximity. Higher tree canopy and nearby blue features appear broadly protective, while strategically placed amenities may support engagement.
Current biology : CB · 2025
Miles Wetherington、Peter J Yunker
A recent study shows that the spatial organization of bacteria in thin films or near air-water interfaces is strongly impacted by a purely physical mechanism - capillary interactions. This mechanism likely plays an important role in bacterial assortment in environments like soil, which undergo wet and dry cycles, thus changing the water level over time.
medRxiv · 2023
K. Mason、N. Pearce、S. Cummins
Background: Neighbourhood environments may influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, e.g. by influencing diet and physical activity (PA) behaviours. We explored whether associations between characteristics of neighbourhood environments and CVD are modified by area deprivation and household income. If effects of neighbourhood risk exposures vary by socioeconomic position, efforts to improve population health by improving neighbourhood built environments could widen health inequalities. Methods: In the UK Biobank cohort we used linked records of hospital admissions to assess the relative hazard of being admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of CVD according to three characteristics of the neighbourhood built environment: availability of formal PA facilities, proximity of a takeaway/fast-food store, and neighbourhood greenspace. We then examined potential effect modification of the main associations by household income and area deprivation. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for likely confounding, and calculated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) to assess effect modification on the additive scale. We also examined the combined modifying role of income and deprivation. Results: There were 13,809 incident CVD admissions in the sample (mean follow-up=6.8 years). Overall associations between neighbourhood exposures and CVD-related hospital admissions were weak to null. However, there was evidence of effect modification by both area deprivation and household income. Greater availability of PA facilities near home was associated with lower risk of CVD-related admission in more deprived areas, but only among people in higher-income households. Area deprivation and household income both modified the association with fast-food proximity. More greenspace was not associated with lower risk of CVD-related admission for any group. Some results differed between women and men. Findings were largely robust to alternative model specifications. Conclusions: Improving deprived neighbourhoods by increasing the number of PA facilities, while also ensuring access to these is free or affordable, may improve population health. Examining effect modification by multiple socioeconomic indicators in parallel can yield deeper insight into how different aspects of the people?s socioeconomic conditions influence their relationship with the built environment and its effects on their health. Improved understanding may help to avoid generating or perpetuating health inequalities when neighbourhood-based built environment interventions are designed.
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health · 2019
K. Mason、L. Palla、N. Pearce 等
Background There is growing recognition that recent global increases in obesity are the product of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. However, in gene-environment studies of obesity, ‘environment’ usually refers to individual behavioural factors that influence energy balance, whereas more upstream environmental factors are overlooked. We examined gene-environment interactions between genetic risk of obesity and two neighbourhood characteristics likely to be associated with obesity (proximity to takeaway/fast-food outlets and availability of physical activity facilities). Methods We used data from 335 046 adults aged 40–70 in the UK Biobank cohort to conduct a population-based cross-sectional study of interactions between neighbourhood characteristics and genetic risk of obesity, in relation to body mass index (BMI). Proximity to a fast-food outlet was defined as distance from home address to nearest takeaway/fast-food outlet, and availability of physical activity facilities as the number of formal physical activity facilities within 1 km of home address. Genetic risk of obesity was operationalised by weighted Genetic Risk Scores of 91 or 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and by six individual SNPs considered separately. Multivariable, mixed-effects models with product terms for the gene-environment interactions were estimated. Results After accounting for likely confounding, the association between proximity to takeaway/fast-food outlets and BMI was stronger among those at increased genetic risk of obesity, with evidence of an interaction with polygenic risk scores (p=0.018 and p=0.028 for 69-SNP and 91-SNP scores, respectively) and in particular with a SNP linked to MC4R (p=0.009), a gene known to regulate food intake. We found very little evidence of gene-environment interaction for the availability of physical activity facilities. Conclusions Individuals at an increased genetic risk of obesity may be more sensitive to exposure to the local fast-food environment. Ensuring that neighbourhood residential environments are designed to promote a healthy weight may be particularly important for those with greater genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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